Simple Trouble Follower Robot Using Ic L2903d(Basics)
LINE FOLLOWER BASICS:
Actually a trace follower robot is a elementary robot which follows the dark trace amongst a white surface background or a white strip of trace amongst a dark surface background. The functioning of the robot lies on the tuning of the ir sensor to its finest performance.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
- IC-L293D
- IR SENSORS -2
- DC MOTORS-2
- 8V RECHARGABLE BATTERY
- VOLTAGE REGULATOR (IC 7805)
- BREAD BOARD
- CONNECTING WIRES(SINGLE STRANDED)
- CHASIS
- WHEELS
- SWITCH
A breadstuff board is used to connect the ic as well as the motor driver circuit. for to a greater extent than persuasion virtually breadstuff board nosotros volition postal service it shortly cheque it tomorrow.
MOTOR DRIVER-L293D:
A L293D IC is a xvi pivot integrated circuit. The L293D is designed to render bidirectional electrical flow upward to 600 mA, as well as the voltages from 4.5 v to 36 v. In this L293D, at that spot are 2 enable pins (pin 1 & pivot 9) for activating the IC. When the ENABLE pivot 1 is high, the left business office of IC volition work, if it is depression it volition non work.
Same status applies to ENABLE pivot nine inwards which the correct business office of IC volition work. And at that spot are four input pins as well as four output pins inwards this IC. The four input pins are 2, 7, 10 & 15.
Pin 2 & seven are inwards the left manus side as well as pivot 10 & fifteen are inwards the correct manus side. Left side pins volition regulate the motor connected across the left motor, as well as the correct side pins volition regulate the motor connected across the correct motor.
And the four output pins are 3, 6, eleven & 14, these output pins are connected to the motors respectively. The pins 4, 5, 12 & thirteen are soil pins. The pivot 8 volition give-up the ghost to Vcc, which volition hold upward supplied to the motor, as well as pivot xvi volition give-up the ghost to Vss that is supplied to the IC.
Digital circuit uses 5v for working piece dc motor uses 6-8v. If lower voltage is applied to the motor it runs slowly. Whereas if the high voltage are given to the digital circuit the circuit volition burn. To avoid such problems, buffer betwixt the motor as well as the digital circuit gives the result. Thus l293d ic is used.
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LEFT SIDE OF L293D RIGHT SIDE OF L293D
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INPUT PIN PIN 2 PIN15
OUTPUT PIN PIN iii PIN14
OUTPUT PIN PIN6 PIN11
INPUT PIN PIN7 PIN10
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CHASIS:
MOTORS:
An electrical motor when powered produces a rotational motion amongst honour to the given electrical current, hence converts a electrical loose energy to mechanical energy. It has 2 input terminals as well as i output shaft. when an appropriate voltage divergence is applied betwixt the terminals of the motor, its output shaft rotates. The speed of rotation of the motor depends on the applied voltage. The management of rotation of the motor depends upon management of the flow of electrical flow through the circuit. Motors are used everywhere including industries, automobiles, employment solid appliances, etc.
INFRA RED SENSORS:
An infra cerise sensor is used to notice obstacles inwards forepart of robot or to notice betwixt the night as well as lite nature of the surround as well as gives it every bit a digital data. It works on the elementary basis, the ir transmitter sends the ir rays inwards a periodic pattern. If ir rays is reflected dorsum yesteryear a obstruction the ir receiver delivers the output every bit one. Thus detecting the obstacle. An ir sensor consist of an emitter, analyser as well as a detector. The principal parts are the emitter as well as the receiver.
The emitter merely emits the ir rays from the LED as well as the dector is an IR photograph diode which is sensitive to the ir rays. When the ir rays falls on the photograph diode, its resistance changes which is straight propotional to the magnitude of the ir rays received. Thus it changes the output voltage used for l293d ic's input pins hence detecting the line.
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BLACK LINE WHITE LINE
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IR LED transmits rays➡ IR LED transmits rays➡white surface
dark surface absorbs ir rays➡ reflects rays➡received yesteryear the receiver
detected yesteryear the receiver➡ ➡output resistance decreases
resistance becomes low➡ so sensor output every bit high.
so sensor output becomes low
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when output of sensor is high it delivers upto 2.7-5vwhen output of sensor is depression it delivers less than 2.5v
CONNECTION:
- GIVE THE BREAD BOARD BASIC CONNECTION:
2.PLACE THE SWITCH AND THE VOLTAGE REGULATOR;
connect the switch output to the voltage regulator input as well as to the Vss of the ic L293D which is the pivot 16.
3.place the ic.
4. orbit the soil connections.
5. fix whatever i as nothing yesteryear connecting to the negative final as well as practise for the parallel side too. for event brand pivot half dozen as well as eleven every bit nothing or brand pivot iii as well as xiv every bit nothing for the potential divergence creation.
6.connect the sensor ouput to the input ends of the ic.
7.give the output to the d.c motor.
THE SENSORS SHOULD BE PLACED ON THE BACK LIKE THIS:
FINALLY THE CIRCUIT SHOULD LOOK LIKE THIS:
THEN FINALLY TURN THE BATTERY ON AND THE ROBOT WILL FOLLOW THE BLACK LINE WITH WHITE BACKGROUND !
DONT PANIC THE FULL WORKING WILL BE POSTED TOMMOROW!
AND THE VIDEO OF WORKING ALSO WILL BE POSTED SOON!
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